Free standard delivery when you spend £75 or more on full-priced plants | T&Cs apply

20% off late summer colour plants | Shop now

Shop

Information & Help

My account

crocus
Wish-list My wheelbarrow

Plants For Sandy Soil

Sandy soils tend to drain very quickly, so are ideal for supporting Mediterranean-style or drought-tolerant plants, which are happiest in dry conditions. These soils are usually low in nutrients, so digging in lots of composted organic matter will not only bump these up, but will also help it retain water.

By type
Facing
How much sun
Special conditions
Flowering month
Flower colour
Evergreen / deciduous
Fragrance
Attractive to wildlife
Quick growing
Eventual size
Special features
Indoor plants by room
Bulb planting time
Bulb divisions
Bedding planting time
Chelsea plant of year
Fruit pollination group
Sowing month inside or protected
Sowing month outside
Vegetable harvesting month
Vegetable groups
Multibuy packs
Ready made borders
Planting combinations
Hardy
Leaf colour
Ground cover
Position
Shape
Soil moisture
Used at Chelsea
Kitchen garden planting guidelines
Sort by highest price
All items
Showing Soil type : Light sandy clear all
3045 items
Galanthus nivalis Viridapice
Galanthus nivalis 'Viridapice'
£19.99 - £55.00
5 × bulbs Delivered during September
15 × bulbs Delivered during September
Bergenia Overture
Bergenia 'Overture'
£19.99 - £47.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.25 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.3 5 3
Deutzia pulchra
Deutzia pulchra
£19.99 - £46.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Fuchsia Hawkshead
Fuchsia 'Hawkshead'
£6.99 - £49.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.7 5 13
Veronica Margret
Veronica 'Margret'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Asplenium scolopendrium
Asplenium scolopendrium
£9.99 - £44.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.4 5 16
grape Regent (PBR)
grape 'Regent' (PBR)
£19.99
2 litre pot | 60cm cane available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 1
Astrantia Hadspen Blood
Astrantia 'Hadspen Blood'
£19.99 - £49.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.0 5 4
Hydrangea macrophylla Zebra (PBR) (Black Steel Series)
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Zebra' (PBR) (Black Steel Series)
£19.99
1.5 litre pot available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.1 5 18
Fuchsia Deltas Sara
Fuchsia 'Delta's Sara'
£6.99 - £49.99
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots available to order from autumn
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.7 5 19
Veronica Heartbreaker (PBR)
Veronica 'Heartbreaker' (PBR)
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 3.9 5 8
Anthriscus sylvestris Ravenswing
Anthriscus sylvestris 'Ravenswing'
£11.99 - £44.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.6 5 21
grape Boskoop Glory
seedless grape 'Boskoop Glory'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Veronica Youngii
Veronica 'Youngii'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.8 5 6
Camellia sinensis var. sinensis
tea plant
£19.99 - £49.99
10.5cm pot available to order from autumn
3 × 10.5cm pots available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.0 5 1
Hydrangea macrophylla Kardinal Violet
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Kardinal Violet'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 2
Humulus lupulus Magnum
Humulus lupulus 'Magnum'
£19.99
1.5 litre pot shipped within 2 weeks
Hydrangea macrophylla Koria (PBR)
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Koria' (PBR)
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Photinia × fraseri Red Robin

30% off

Photinia × fraseri 'Red Robin'
£6.99 - £79.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
10 litre pot | 50 - 80cm tall In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 6
Disporum longistylum Green Giant
Disporum longistylum 'Green Giant'
£19.99 - £49.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Rhododendron Monsieur Marcel Ménard
Rhododendron 'Monsieur Marcel Ménard'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Fuchsia Army Nurse
Fuchsia 'Army Nurse'
£19.99 - £49.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Fuchsia Genii

50% off

Fuchsia 'Genii'
£3.50 - £89.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Fuchsia Tom Thumb

50% off

Fuchsia 'Tom Thumb'
£3.50 - £89.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Fuchsia Lady Thumb
Fuchsia 'Lady Thumb'
£19.99 - £89.99
2 litre pot sold out
3 × 2 litre pots sold out
6 × 2 litre pots sold out
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Fuchsia Sunray
Fuchsia 'Sunray'
£19.99 - £89.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Euonymus fortunei Silver Queen
Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen'
£19.99 - £52.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Brunnera macrophylla Sea Heart (PBR)
Brunnera macrophylla 'Sea Heart' (PBR)
£19.99 - £54.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Hydrangea macrophylla Lanarth White
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Lanarth White'
£19.99 - £39.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0 star 0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Euonymus fortunei Harlequin
Euonymus fortunei 'Harlequin'
£19.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Pieris japonica Little Heath
Pieris japonica 'Little Heath'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Photinia × fraseri Little Red Robin
Photinia × fraseri 'Little Red Robin'
£19.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Veronica Starlight ('Marklight')
Veronica Starlight ('Marklight')
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Hydrangea macrophylla Little Purple
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Little Purple'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Helleborus niger Christmas Carol
Helleborus niger 'Christmas Carol'
£19.99 - £49.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Cornus alba Baton Rouge ('Minbat') (PBR)
Cornus alba Baton Rouge ('Minbat') (PBR)
£19.99
3 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Polystichum tsussimense
Polystichum tsussimense
£9.99 - £44.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Veronica Celine
Veronica 'Celine'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Veronica Burning Heart
Veronica 'Burning Heart'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Rhododendron Nancy Evans
Rhododendron 'Nancy Evans'
£19.99 - £45.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Cotoneaster × suecicus Coral Beauty

30% off

Cotoneaster × suecicus 'Coral Beauty'
£6.99 - £47.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Outdoor metal bucket Alliums
Outdoor metal allium bucket
£19.99
gift set Delivered during October
Salix integra Flamingo (PBR)
Salix integra 'Flamingo' (PBR)
£19.99
2 litre pot | 30cm tall available to order from autumn
Fuchsia microphylla subsp. hemsleyana Silver Lining
Fuchsia microphylla subsp. hemsleyana 'Silver Lining'
£19.99 - £89.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Leycesteria formosa Purple Rain
Leycesteria formosa 'Purple Rain'
£19.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Veronica Silver Dollar
Veronica 'Silver Dollar'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Hydrangea macrophylla White
Hydrangea macrophylla 'White'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Hydrangea macrophylla Blue
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Blue'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Veronica Mint Chocolate
Veronica 'Mint Chocolate'
£19.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Calamagrostis × acutiflora Overdam

20% off

Calamagrostis × acutiflora 'Overdam'
£7.99 - £49.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Geranium wallichianum Kelly Anne (PBR)
Geranium wallichianum 'Kelly Anne' (PBR)
£19.99 - £49.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Ficus carica Dalmatie
fig 'Dalmatie'
£19.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Ficus carica Dauphine
fig 'Dauphine'
£19.99
2 litre pot | 30 - 40cm tall available to order from autumn
Ficus carica 'Ronde de Bordeaux'
fig 'Ronde de Bordeaux'
£19.99 - £39.98
2 litre pot | 30 - 40cm tall available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Miscanthus nepalensis
Miscanthus nepalensis
£19.99 - £52.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Erythronium dens-canis Old Aberdeen
Erythronium dens-canis 'Old Aberdeen'
£19.99 - £49.99
1 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 1 litre pots available to order from autumn
Meconopsis (Infertile Blue Group) Slieve Donard
Meconopsis (Infertile Blue Group) 'Slieve Donard'
£19.99 - £74.99
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Alstroemeria Beach Valley (Summer Paradise - Valley Series)
Alstroemeria Beach Valley (Summer Paradise - Valley Series)
£19.99 - £45.59
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Alstroemeria Inticancha Paraíso ('Tesparai') (PBR) (Inticancha Series)
Alstroemeria Inticancha Paraiso ('Tesparai') (PBR) (Inticancha Series)
£19.99 - £45.59
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis Zambezi ('Kek5006')

New

Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis Zambezi ('Kek5006')
£19.99 - £51.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Fuchsia magellanica 'Arauco'

New

Fuchsia magellanica 'Arauco'
£19.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Cornus collection
Cornus collection
£19.98
1 × collection | 3 plants In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Summer nights container plant collection
Summer nights container plant collection
£19.98 - £39.96
1 × bedding collection | 10 plants sold out
2+1 FREE bedding collections | 30 plants sold out
Sweet pinks container plant collection
Sweet pinks container plant collection
£19.98 - £39.96
1 × bedding collection | 10 plants sold out
2+1 FREE bedding collections | 30 plants sold out
White pearls container plant collection
White pearls container plant collection
£19.98 - £39.96
1 × bedding collection | 10 plants sold out
2+1 FREE bedding collections | 30 plants sold out
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Sunburst container plant collection
Sunburst container plant collection
£19.98 - £39.96
1 × bedding collection | 10 plants sold out
2+1 FREE bedding collections | 30 plants sold out
Purple sunshine container plant collection
Purple sunshine container plant collection
£19.98 - £39.96
1 × bedding collection | 10 plants sold out
2+1 FREE bedding collections | 30 plants sold out
Royal flush container plant collection
Royal flush container plant collection
£19.98 - £39.96
1 × bedding collection | 10 plants sold out
2+1 FREE bedding collections | 30 plants sold out
Turner's sunset tulip collection
Turner's sunset tulip collection
£19.95 - £39.90
1 × collection | 17 bulbs Delivered during September
2 + 1 FREE collections | 51 bulbs Delivered during September
Perovskia Blue Spire
Perovskia 'Blue Spire'
£7.99 - £89.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Polystichum setiferum Plumosomultilobum Group
Polystichum setiferum Plumosomultilobum Group
£9.99 - £44.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Tiarella Spring Symphony (PBR)
Tiarella 'Spring Symphony' (PBR)
£9.99 - £47.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Geranium sanguineum var. striatum
Geranium sanguineum var. striatum
£18.99 - £44.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Campanula lactiflora Loddon Anna
Campanula lactiflora 'Loddon Anna'
£8.99 - £44.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Leucanthemum × superbum Banana Cream
Leucanthemum × superbum 'Banana Cream'
£10.99 - £49.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Geranium phaeum Album
Geranium phaeum 'Album'
£9.99 - £44.99
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
6 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Lysimachia ciliata Firecracker
Lysimachia ciliata 'Firecracker'
£18.99 - £44.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0 star 0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Geum Blazing Sunset
Geum 'Blazing Sunset'
£18.99 - £44.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
The Garden Gate rhubarb & custard tulip collection
The Garden Gate rhubarb & custard tulip collection
£18.95 - £37.90
1 × collection | 14 bulbs Delivered during September
2 + 1 FREE collections | 42 bulbs Delivered during September
Clematis Octopus ('Zooct') (PBR)

30% off

Clematis Octopus ('Zooct') (PBR)
£26.95 £18.86
2 litre pot | 60cm cane In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Ilex aquifolium Alaska
Ilex aquifolium 'Alaska'
£36.99 £18.50
3 litre pot sold out
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Burnt sugar tulip collection
Burnt sugar tulip collection
£18.45 - £36.90
1 × collection | 14 bulbs Delivered during September
2 + 1 FREE collections | 42 bulbs Delivered during September
Cortaderia selloana Pumila

20% off

Cortaderia selloana 'Pumila'
£18.39 - £43.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
Miscanthus sinensis Ferner Osten

20% off

Miscanthus sinensis 'Ferner Osten'
£18.39 - £42.39
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Alstroemeria Valley Wild ('Tesvalwild') (Summer Paradise - Valley Series)
Alstroemeria Valley Wild ('Tesvalwild') (Summer Paradise - Valley Series)
£18.39 - £45.59
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
Alstroemeria Valley Girl ('Tesvalgirl') (Summer Paradise - Valley Series)
Alstroemeria Valley Girl ('Tesvalgirl') (Summer Paradise - Valley Series)
£18.39 - £45.59
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
raspberry Autumn Bliss
raspberry 'Autumn Bliss'
£17.99 - £35.98
5 × bare root canes available to order from autumn
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bare root canes available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
raspberry Glen Ample (PBR)
raspberry 'Glen Ample' (PBR)
£17.99 - £35.98
5 × bare root canes available to order from autumn
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bare root canes available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Hypericum × hidcoteense Hidcote
Hypericum × hidcoteense 'Hidcote'
£17.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Hypericum × moserianum Tricolor
Hypericum × moserianum 'Tricolor'
£17.99
2 litre pot shipped within 2 weeks
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Vinca major Variegata
Vinca major 'Variegata'
£17.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Vinca minor Azurea Flore Pleno
Vinca minor 'Azurea Flore Pleno'
£17.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
raspberry Polka (PBR)
raspberry 'Polka' (PBR)
£17.99 - £35.98
5 × bare root canes available to order from autumn
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bare root canes available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
raspberry Tulameen
raspberry 'Tulameen'
£17.99 - £35.98
5 × bare root canes available to order from autumn
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bare root canes available to order from autumn
raspberry Cascade Delight
raspberry 'Cascade Delight'
£17.99 - £35.98
5 × bare root canes available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bare root canes available to order from autumn
Hydrangea macrophylla Blushing Bride
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Blushing Bride'
£17.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Hydrangea macrophylla Dark Angel Red
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Dark Angel Red'
£17.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Purple Haze
Dahlia 'Purple Haze'
£17.99
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
raspberry All Gold
raspberry 'All Gold'
£17.99 - £35.98
5 × bare root canes available to order from autumn
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bare root canes available to order from autumn
Hydrangea macrophylla Little Pink
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Little Pink'
£17.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
< Prev 1 ... 13 14 15 ... 31 Next >

Copyright © Crocus.co.uk Ltd 2025. All rights reserved.