Free standard delivery when you spend £75 or more on full-priced plants | T&Cs apply

Our bulb shop is now open | Preorder now

Shop

Information & Help

My account

crocus
Wish-list My wheelbarrow

Plants For Chalky Soil

Chalky soils (or those based on limestone) are usually alkaline, so have a pH above 7. They tend to be freely draining, stony and don’t hold onto nutrients very well. Therefore, to help your plants flourish, you should water regularly and dig in lots of composted organic matter as often as you can.

By type
Facing
How much sun
Special conditions
Flowering month
Flower colour
Evergreen / deciduous
Fragrance
Attractive to wildlife
Quick growing
Eventual size
Special features
Bulb planting time
Bulb divisions
Bedding planting time
Sowing month inside or protected
Sowing month outside
Vegetable harvesting month
Multibuy packs
Ready made borders
Planting combinations
Hardy
Leaf colour
Ground cover
Position
Shape
Soil moisture
Used at Chelsea
Kitchen garden planting guidelines
Sort by availability
All items
Showing Soil type : Chalky clear all
647 items
Ligustrum ovalifolium
Ligustrum ovalifolium
£19.99 - £159.98
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
25 × bare root plants | 60 - 80cm tall available to order from autumn
50 + 25 FREE bare root | 60 - 80cm tall available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 2
Magnolia grandiflora Little Gem
Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem'
£79.99 - £129.99
7.5 litre pot | 0.8 - 1m tall In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
5 litre pot | 40 - 50cm tall available to order from autumn
Viola × wittrockiana Cool Wave Morpho
pansy 'Cool Wave Morpho'
£6.99 - £13.98
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots available to order from autumn
Viola × wittrockiana Cool Wave Raspberry Swirl
pansy 'Cool Wave Raspberry Swirl'
£6.99 - £13.98
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots available to order from autumn
Philadelphus Snowbelle
Philadelphus 'Snowbelle'
£22.99 - £89.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
10 litre pot | 80 - 100cm tall available to order from autumn
12 litre pot | 80 - 100cm tall available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.5 5 4
Pittosporum tobira Nanum
Pittosporum tobira 'Nanum'
£37.99 - £89.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
10 litre pot | 30 - 40cm tall available to order from autumn
Prunus incisa Kojo-no-mai
Prunus incisa 'Kojo-no-mai'
£34.99 - £89.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
12 litre pot | 50 - 80cm tall available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.6 5 16
Rosa White Patio

50% off

Rosa White Patio | Patio Rose
£13.50 - £45.00
7.5 litre pot | standard In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
4 litre pot available to order from autumn
Rosmarinus officinalis Blue Cascade ('Lowros3') (PBR)
Rosmarinus Blue Cascade ('Lowros') (PBR)
£21.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Rosmarinus officinalis Miss Jessopp's Upright
Rosmarinus officinalis 'Miss Jessopp's Upright'
£7.99 - £49.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.7 5 11
Salix integra Flamingo (PBR)
Salix integra 'Flamingo' (PBR)
£19.99
2 litre pot | 30cm tall available to order from autumn
Sambucus nigra f. porphyrophylla 'Eva' (PBR)
Sambucus nigra f. porphyrophylla 'Eva' (PBR)
£26.75 - £159.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
12 litre pot | 80 - 100cm tall available to order from autumn
12 litre pot | 1.6m tall available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.8 5 22
Sarcococca confusa
Sarcococca confusa
£9.99 - £69.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
4.5 litre pot | 30 - 40cm tall In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
9cm pot available to order from autumn
3 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
7.5 litre pot | 40 - 60cm tall available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.5 5 28
Scabiosa atropurpurea Fata Morgana
Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Fata Morgana'
£3.49 £2.62
approx 75 seeds available to order from autumn
Silene uniflora
Silene uniflora
£2.99 £2.24
approx 100 seeds available to order from autumn
Syringa vulgaris Madame Lemoine
Syringa vulgaris 'Madame Lemoine'
£29.99 - £99.99
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
12 litre pot | 80 - 100cm tall | grafted available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.9 5 7
Syringa vulgaris Sensation
Syringa vulgaris 'Sensation'
£29.99
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 4.8 5 4
Tulipa Antoinette (PBR)
Tulipa 'Antoinette' (PBR)
£7.19 - £19.80
7 × bulbs available to order from autumn
21 × bulbs available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 5
Tulipa Charming Beauty
Tulipa 'Charming Beauty'
£7.19 - £19.80
7 × bulbs available to order from autumn
21 × bulbs available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 3
Tulipa Merlot
Tulipa 'Merlot'
£6.29 - £12.58
5 × bulbs available to order from autumn
10 + 5 FREE bulbs available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 5.0 5 2
Verbena officinalis var. grandiflora Bampton
Verbena officinalis var. grandiflora 'Bampton'
£8.99 - £39.99
9cm pot available to order from autumn
3 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
6 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Viburnum opulus Roseum
Viburnum opulus 'Roseum'
£24.75 - £89.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
12 litre pot | 1 - 1.25m tall available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Viburnum × burkwoodii
Viburnum × burkwoodii
£36.99 - £99.99
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
12 litre pot | 80 - 100cm tall | grafted available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Vinca minor Azure Flore Pleno
Vinca minor 'Azure Flore Pleno'
£17.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
Vinca minor f. alba Gertrude Jekyll
Vinca minor f. alba 'Gertrude Jekyll'
£7.99 - £32.99
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
6 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
0.25 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Viola × wittrockiana Cool Wave Strawberry Swirl
Viola × wittrockiana 'Cool Wave Strawberry Swirl'
£6.99 - £13.98
9cm pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 9cm pots available to order from autumn
Erysimum cheiri Purple Shades
wallflower 'Purple Shades'
£10.99 - £21.98
1 × pack of ten | bare root available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE packs | bare root available to order from autumn
0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Yucca filamentosa
Yucca filamentosa
£27.99
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Begonia Mother's Day
Begonia 'Mother's Day'
£4.49 - £8.99
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Begonia Pink Flamingo
Begonia 'Pink Flamingo'
£4.49 - £8.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE tubers available to order from winter
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Begonia Red Glory
Begonia 'Red Glory'
£4.49 - £8.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE tubers available to order from winter
0 star 0 star 0 star 0 star 1 star
Begonia Rosebud Tutu
Begonia 'Rosebud Tutu'
£6.29 - £12.58
2 × tubers available to order from winter
4 + 2 FREE tubers available to order from winter
Begonia Splendide Ballerina
Begonia 'Splendide Ballerina'
£5.39 - £13.50
2 × tubers available to order from winter
6 × tubers available to order from winter
Begonia (Pendula Group) Pink Giant
Begonia (Pendula Group) 'Pink Giant'
£3.59 - £8.99
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Begonia (Pendula Group) Red Giant
Begonia (Pendula Group) 'Red Giant'
£3.59 - £8.99
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Begonia (Pendula Group) White Giant
Begonia (Pendula Group) 'White Giant'
£3.59 - £8.99
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Begonia × intermedia Bertinii
Begonia × intermedia 'Bertinii'
£4.49 - £8.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE tubers Unavailable
Canna Phasion
Canna 'Phasion'
£8.99 - £17.98
1 × rhizome available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE rhizomes available to order from winter
0 star 0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Canna Wyoming
Canna 'Wyoming'
£6.29 - £12.58
1 × rhizome available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE rhizomes available to order from winter
0.25 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Canna indica Tropicanna Gold ('Mactro') (PBR)
Canna indica Tropicanna Gold ('Mactro') (PBR)
£8.99 - £17.98
1 × rhizome available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE rhizomes available to order from winter
Canna Tropicanna Black ('Lon01') (PBR)
Canna Tropicanna Black ('Lon01') (PBR)
£8.09 - £18.90
1 × rhizome available to order from winter
3 × rhizomes available to order from winter
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Crocosmia Prince of Orange
Crocosmia 'Prince of Orange'
£6.29 - £16.20
5 × corms available to order from winter
15 × corms available to order from winter
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora Carmin Brilliant

10% off

Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Carmin Brilliant'
£5.39 - £39.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
10 × corms available to order from winter
30 × corms available to order from winter
0 star 0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora Emily Mckenzie
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Emily Mckenzie'
£6.29 - £33.98
10 × corms available to order from winter
9cm pot available to order from autumn
30 × corms available to order from winter
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × 9cm pots available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 2 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora George Davison

10% off

Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'George Davison'
£5.39 - £39.99
9cm pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
3 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 2 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
6 × 9cm pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
10 × corms available to order from winter
30 × corms available to order from winter
0 star 0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia All Directions
Dahlia 'All Directions'
£4.94 - £11.25
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Ambition
Dahlia 'Ambition'
£4.94 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia American Dawn
Dahlia 'American Dawn'
£4.94 - £11.25
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Arabian Night
Dahlia 'Arabian Night'
£4.94 - £18.35
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Bayou (PBR)
Dahlia 'Bayou' (PBR)
£4.85 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
6 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Bishop of Auckland (PBR)
Dahlia 'Bishop of Auckland' (PBR)
£5.84 - £13.50
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Bishop of Canterbury (PBR)
Dahlia 'Bishop of Canterbury' (PBR)
£4.85 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Bishop of Llandaff
Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff'
£4.49 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
6 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Black Jack
Dahlia 'Black Jack'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Black Narcissus
Dahlia 'Black Narcissus'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Blue Boy
Dahlia 'Blue Boy'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Bohemian Spartacus
Dahlia 'Bohemian Spartacus'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Boom Boom White
Dahlia 'Boom Boom White'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Break Out
Dahlia 'Break Out'
£5.21 - £14.40
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Burlesca
Dahlia 'Burlesca'
£4.85 - £11.48
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Cafe au Lait Royal
Dahlia 'Café au Lait Royal'
£4.94 - £13.50
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Cafe au Lait
Dahlia 'Café au Lait'
£4.76 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
6 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Chat Noir
Dahlia 'Chat Noir'
£4.76 - £18.35
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Dark Spirit
Dahlia 'Dark Spirit'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia David Howard
Dahlia 'David Howard'
£4.94 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Dazzling Sun
Dahlia 'Dazzling Sun'
£5.39 - £13.50
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Evanah
Dahlia 'Evanah'
£4.85 - £11.48
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Fabula
Dahlia 'Fabula'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Famoso
Dahlia 'Famoso'
£4.94 - £17.10
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 × tubers | organic Unavailable
Dahlia Fantastico
Dahlia 'Fantastico'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Fashion Monger
Dahlia 'Fashion Monger'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0 star 0 star 0 star 0 star 1 star
Dahlia Gallery Art Fair (PBR) (Gallery Series)
Dahlia 'Gallery Art Fair' (PBR) (Gallery Series)
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Gallery Leonardo (PBR) (Gallery Series)
Dahlia 'Gallery Leonardo' (PBR) (Gallery Series)
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.25 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Gallery Rembrandt (PBR) (Gallery Series)
Dahlia 'Gallery Rembrandt' (PBR) (Gallery Series)
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0.25 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Great Hercules
Dahlia 'Great Hercules'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Honka Fragile
Dahlia 'Honka Fragile'
£4.94 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Jive
Dahlia 'Jive'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Jowey Frambo
Dahlia 'Jowey Frambo'
£5.84 - £16.20
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Kelsey Annie Joy
Dahlia 'Kelsey Annie Joy'
£5.21 - £13.50
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Kelvin Floodlight
Dahlia 'Kelvin Floodlight'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Kiev
Dahlia 'Kiev'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Mexican Star

Up to 49%

Dahlia 'Mexican Star'
£4.94 - £18.35
3 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Milena F
Dahlia 'Milena F'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Missis Miley
Dahlia 'Missis Miley'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Mondriaan
Dahlia 'Mondriaan'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Moonfire
Dahlia 'Moonfire'
£4.94 - £18.35
1 × tuber available to order from winter
2 litre pot available to order from autumn
3 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
0.75 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Mount Tacoma
Dahlia 'Mount Tacoma'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Nathalie G
Dahlia 'Nathalie G'
£4.85 - £13.50
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Nuit d'Eté

Up to 49%

Dahlia 'Nuit d'Eté'
£4.76 - £18.35
3 litre pot In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots In stock (shipped within 2-3 working days)
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Oleda
Dahlia 'Oleda'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Orfeo
Dahlia 'Orfeo'
£4.94 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
3 × tubers | organic Unavailable
3 litre pot available to order from autumn
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots available to order from autumn
1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Otto's Thrill
Dahlia 'Otto's Thrill'
£4.85 - £12.37
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Paso Doble Dancer
Dahlia 'Paso Doble Dancer'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Penhill Watermelon
Dahlia 'Penhill Watermelon'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Pepita Pink
Dahlia 'Pepita Pink'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
0 star 0 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
Dahlia Petras Wedding
Dahlia 'Petras Wedding'
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Preference
Dahlia 'Preference'
£4.94 - £11.25
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Purple Flame (PBR)
Dahlia 'Purple Flame' (PBR)
£4.94 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Red Cap
Dahlia 'Red Cap'
£5.39 - £12.60
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
Dahlia Rip City
Dahlia 'Rip City'
£4.76 - £35.98
1 × tuber available to order from winter
3 × tubers available to order from winter
2 + 1 FREE 3 litre pots Unavailable
0.5 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star
< Prev 1 ... 4 5 6 7 Next >

Copyright © Crocus.co.uk Ltd 2025. All rights reserved.